Proper Sunglasses and Nutrition Can Protect Eyes In Summer - And Beyond
by V. Nicholas Batra, M.D.
Applying sunscreen is one way to protect the skin from the strong solar rays of summer. But it is equally important to protect the eyes by putting on the right type of sunglasses before heading out to the beach, or even the backyard.
As the temperature rises in summer, so does the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a spectrum of invisible rays primarily emitted by the sun, but also given off by artificial sources such as welding machines, tanning beds or lasers.
Short-term exposure to excessive amounts of UV radiation can lead to a condition called photokeratitis, which can be painful, but is usually temporary. If eyes are not protected from UV rays over the long-term, however, more serious problems can arise, such as cataracts, retina damage, or macular degeneration.
To help prevent such damage, both adults and children should always wear sunglasses outside – whether it is sunny or gray because UV rays can penetrate clouds – and no one should look directly into the sun or bright light. Most importantly, sunglass lenses should be treated with a coating that blocks from 99 to 100 percent of UV-A and UV-B rays, (which are two of the wavelengths in the UV spectrum). Sunglasses should also screen out 75 to 90 percent of visible light, and preferably be made from a shatter-resistant polycarbonate material.
Wrap-around style sunglasses that fit closely to the face can offer a little more protection than other styles, and they may also block irritations from the wind, which can damage delicate eye tissue. Wind-borne allergens, bacteria and pollen can attach themselves to eyelashes and lids, but they can often be removed by washing those areas with gentle cleansers such as Johnson’s Baby Shampoo or Ocusoft Eye Scrubs. Eye infections can also be prevented by washing the hands and making sure they are clean before touching the eye area.
Sunglasses, or even regular glasses with UV coating, are not the only defense against harmful rays. Wide-brimmed hats, caps or visors can also help shield the eyes, and should be worn outdoors for additional protection.
While hats and sunglasses offer external defenses against damage, proper nutrition can keep the eyes healthy internally. A good diet for eye health includes green leafy vegetables like broccoli and spinach, as well as foods rich in minerals such as zinc and lutein.
According to several recent studies cited by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (www.aao.org), antioxidant vitamins (especially Vitamins C and E), and food supplements containing zinc, have been shown to reduce some of the risks for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may possibly slow the development of cataracts.
For those who do not consume the five servings of fruits and vegetables each day that can provide adequate amounts of antioxidants, supplemental vitamins such as Ocuvite, Eye Caps and PreserVision are recommended.
By taking simple measures, such as wearing proper sunglasses and eating a healthy diet, the precious gift of sight can be protected during the summer – and beyond.
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Dr. Batra is an ophthalmologist with privileges at Eden Medical Center. He can be reached at (510) 276-1212.